The truth of the matter is Houston's economy has not been a great performer pretty much since the JCPOA with Iran was signed and became effective on 1/1/16-ESPECIALLY when compared to Dallas and Austin. If transit is included somehow in the above, I assume only from the perspective of trade value (e.g., purchasing more rolling stock). GaWC network connectivities and the resulting levels of integration into the world city network represent just one process, albeit especially global in scope, among many that constitute contemporary cities in globalization."īut it measures just one process in city development: the servicing of global capital. Thus within the world city network as conceptualised by GaWC, there will be ‘global cities' in the original sense of Sassen (1991) focusing on advanced producer services, as well as numerous other cities with varying sufficiency in advanced producer services. However, whatever the niches, cities WILL need to have a sufficiency of advanced producer services so as not to make it too overtly dependent on London, New York and their rare ilk. Milan and its design portfolio, Singapore and its logistics portfolio, Los Angeles and its entertainment portfolio and, outside the alpha cities, Houston and its energy portfolio, are each important examples of world cities despite their contrasting positions in the world city network (Taylor 2005). The key is to find economic niches but without being vulnerable to economic specialization (Turok 2009).
All world cities will have mixtures of cutting edge economic functions but these need not just be advanced producer services.
But, as we have also seen, the failure of Berlin has shown that the world city network can never be a collection of mini-Londons and little New Yorks. As shown, London and New York are the supreme archetypal cities in this regard. But it measures just one process in city development: the servicing of global capital. "Finally the all-important caveat: the GaWC method of measuring the world city network produces theoretically informed, empirically robust assessments of cities in globalization. What could be the causes of this? Are Austin and Dallas having a greater impact on the entire state and more? Will the new transit lines help us jump even higher? We were Alpha- for a couple of years 😔 Philadelphia and Seattle surprised me as Beta cities.
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